The Quaternary history of the Wash fluvial network, UK     

Steve Boreham  Tom S. White  Andy J. Howard 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2010,121(4):393-449

This paper appraises and compares the Middle-Upper Pleistocene sedimentary sequences preserved in the fluvial systems draining into the Fenland Basin and the Wash estuary. Of the main Fenland rivers the longest records, which extend back to the initial Anglian (glacial) formation of the basin, are found in the Great Ouse and its tributaries, particularly the Cam and the Nar. These sequences preserve sediments representing all four post-Anglian interglacials. The Nene also has an extensive post-Anglian history, with evidence for a Hoxnian estuary that is presumed to have been the precursor of the Wash. North of the Nene, however, the Welland and Witham (proto-Trent) have relatively short sequences, which are thought to commence with a later (post-Anglian-pre-Devensian) glaciation that affected Lincolnshire and fed the previously-recognized Tottenhill outwash delta south of Kings Lynn. Prior to Devensian deglaciation the Witham valley was occupied by the Trent, which was the trunk river of the late Middle Pleistocene Wash system. During periods of low sea level the river would have extended north-eastwards across what is now the floor of the North Sea, possibly via the Inner Silver Pit. Several of the central Fenland sequences show evidence of infrequent terrace formation during the late Quaternary, although this might in part be due to poor vertical separation between terraces, so that differentiating them has been difficult; this has been exacerbated by mixed biostratigraphical signals due to the preservation of sediments representing more than one interglacial beneath a single terrace surface. In several of the systems there is evidence for valley rejuvenation to the lowest terrace or valley-floor level during the MIS 4-3 transition. The observed differences within what, during the predominant periods of lower sea level, would have been a single Wash river system are difficult to explain.  相似文献   

Evidence from the Trent terrace archive, Lincolnshire, UK, for lowland glaciation of Britain during the Middle and Late Pleistocene   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Tom S. White  Andy J. Howard 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2010,121(2):141-153

The late Middle Pleistocene fluvial terrace sequence of the lower Trent system, Lincolnshire (eastern England), provides an excellent record of environmental change, including evidence for the last two interglacial episodes. It also provides important stratigraphical evidence for the timing and extent of three separate glaciations. Two of these, the Anglian and Devensian, are well-established correlatives of Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 12 and 2 respectively; the third is a hitherto un-named post-Anglian-pre-Devensian glaciation in eastern England that has been the subject of much previous speculation, but can now be attributed with some confidence to MIS 8. Crucially, the recognition of MIS 7 interglacial deposits within the Balderton-Southrey terrace of the proto-Trent indicates that the underlying Wragby Till, which is ascribed to this additional glaciation, was emplaced no later than MIS 8. The oldest terrace preserved within the lower Trent staircase, the Eagle Moor-Martin Terrace, is considered to be a complex glacial outwash terrace related to the Wragby Till glaciation. It is suggested that deposits representing MIS 11-9, which are conspicuously absent throughout the Trent system, were removed by this glaciation. This is a departure from previous interpretations, which have suggested MIS 10 or MIS 6 as the most likely stages in which an extensive post-Anglian-pre-Devensian lowland glaciation might have occurred in Britain. However, the widespread preservation of undisrupted post-MIS 8 fluvial sequences throughout the Trent valley and in neighbouring systems, within which MIS 7 interglacial deposits have now been recognized at a number of localities, indicates that ice sheets are unlikely to have advanced further into this catchment during MIS 6 than during the Devensian (MIS 2). Recognition of a British glaciation during MIS 8 corresponds with widespread evidence in Europe, which suggests that glacial deposits classified as ‘Saalian’ represent both MIS 8 and MIS 6; in many areas, distinguishing these remains controversial, as confident correlation with either stage is often only possible where glacial sediments interdigitate with well-constrained fluvial records.  相似文献   

Extrinsic and intrinsic forcing of fluvial development: understanding natural and anthropogenic influences     

J. Vandenberghe  S. Cordier 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2010,121(2):107-112

This paper introduces a special issue arising from the biennial meeting of the Fluvial Archives Group (FLAG) that took place in September 2008 in Budapest, Hungary. Combining a two-day conference and three-day field excursion, this meeting provided an excellent opportunity for presentation and discussion of recent advances in research on fluvial evolution from the Plio-Pleistocene to the historical period. This editorial seeks to place these advances within the contexts both of long-term geomorphological research and the achievements of FLAG. It thus highlights progress towards a better understanding of fluvial responses to internal and external (including anthropogenic) forcing. It also points out some of the main obstacles, which can be targeted as goals for further research. Typically these relate to observed discrepancies in fluvial system responses, such as in patterns of lateral erosion and the timing of terrace incision, despite apparently similar fluvial parameters. Possible explanations for these discrepancies are mentioned, and the potential of new methods (especially in geochronology and modelling) to clarify such discrepancies is underlined. Finally the editorial provides brief reviews of the ten papers in this special issue (many of them developed from presentations in Budapest), which cover various areas in Europe (Hungary, England, Germany, Portugal, Russia), Asia (India) and South America (Bolivian Andes), placing them, in turn, within the context of this wider review of fluvial research.  相似文献   

黄河入海泥沙沉积固结过程抗侵蚀性变化研究     

孟祥梅  贾永刚  宋敬泰  侯伟  刘涛  单红仙 《岩土力学》2010,31(12):3809-3815

河口入海泥沙沉积固结过程中抗侵蚀性的变化直接决定着沉积物的再悬浮和二次迁移,对河口岸滩的稳定具有重要决定作用。在现代黄河三角洲潮滩模拟入海泥沙快速沉积,现场测试不同固结时间沉积物的抗侵蚀性和物理力学指标的变化。研究发现,黄河入海泥沙沉积物的抗侵蚀性随固结时间增长迅速提高,当沉积固结时间达8h时,其临界侵蚀切应力就超过了原状潮滩表层沉积物;新沉积泥沙的临界侵蚀切应力与其重度、贯入阻力、剪切强度呈良好的正相关关系,与含水率呈良好的负相关关系。黄河入海泥沙临界侵蚀流速的试验值随固结时间的增长速率要高于各泥沙起动公式计算值的增长速率,前者是后者的1.5～4.1倍。  相似文献   

珠江口盆地航磁局部构造异常     

张永军  刘振军  周坚鑫 《物探与化探》2010,34(1):8-13

珠江口盆地存在丰富的油气资源,勘探前景受到越来越多的关注。局部磁异常往往与含油气局部构造密切相关。通过对珠江口盆地大比例尺高精度航磁资料处理和分析,识别出5种航磁局部构造异常:基岩凸起局部构造异常、与基性侵入岩有关的局部构造异常、与中酸性侵入岩有关的局部构造异常、与火山岩有关的局部构造异常、与沉积层有关的局部构造异常。对各种局部构造异常进行了较细致的描述,并结合地震、重力、钻孔等资料对典型异常进行了地质解释,为油气勘探提供了依据。  相似文献   

吉林省集安沿江一带多金属成矿地质背景及找矿方向   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

程德林  马晓东  张立明  张大伟 《吉林地质》2010,29(4):13-17,38

集安沿江构造.岩浆岩带沿鸭绿江断裂带展布,主体由鸭绿江深断裂和与之平行的一系列次一级的北东向断裂构造构成,在带内还发育有北西向、近南北向断裂,目前带内已发现金、铅锌矿床(点)及多金属矿床(点)多处,展示出良好的找矿前景。  相似文献   

珠江三角洲年际潮差长期变化趋势   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张蔚  严以新  郑金海  吴宏旭 《水科学进展》2010,21(1):77-83

对20世纪50年代以来珠江三角洲网河内17个主要控制水文站的年际潮差变化趋势进行了显著性检验和突变点分析.通过Trend Free Pre-Whitening方法削除了水文时间序列中的自相关成分,利用非参数的Mann-Kendall检验研究了珠江三角洲年均潮差的变化趋势,指出潮差在珠江三角洲的变化趋势存在着空间变异性.在网河内的中、上游河段,潮差呈现明显的增大趋势,且越往上游,潮差的增大趋势越为显著;而在下游的口门区,由于受到围垦等人类活动影响,大部分站点的潮差表现为显著的下降趋势.Pettitt检验的结果表明,珠江三角洲潮差发生突变的时间段主要在20世纪80年代,这基本与河网内大规模的无序采沙开始的时间是同步的,表明挖沙是引起珠江三角洲内潮差变异的主导因素.潮差显著增大的趋势表明航道网内潮流动力明显增强,这亦是近年来珠江三角洲咸潮频发的机理原因之一.  相似文献   

东江下游河段溯源侵蚀特征与机理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

任杰  曾学智  贾良文 《水科学进展》2010,21(1):84-88

1980年以来,东江下游及三角洲发生了高强度的采沙活动,由此导致水文条件发生显著变异,河床形态出现溯源变形,根据不同历史时期的地形与水文资料的对比分析,东江下游段溯源变形特征主要表现为:①大规模采沙直接引起同流量条件下水位大幅下降,尤以枯水期表现最为显著,博罗站水位~流量关系曲线表现为逐年右偏;②采沙引起河床高程大规模降低,即为一级溯源变形,其显著的特征是水面比降大,由此引起河床发生强烈冲刷,遂派生出河床演变的二级溯源变形,二级溯源变形的长期发展将使河床变形趋于平缓;③采沙河段必然发生河床断面形态及尺度的物理变形,按其发生的时间过程分为各具特色的3段:变形完成段(东江网河区)、变形进行段(石龙到博罗段)及变形影响段(博罗以上河段).  相似文献   

长江中下游江湖关系演变趋势数值模拟   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

施勇  栾震宇  陈炼钢  金秋 《水科学进展》2010,21(6):832-839

以长江中下游防洪系统为对象,概述了在大型复杂防洪系统洪水行为数值模拟基础上,成功地将长江中下游洪水演进数学模型转化为面向长江防洪系统防洪规划方案评估需求的长江中下游江湖水沙演变的数学模型.为适应防洪规划方案论证涉及江湖水沙相互制衡相互关联客观情况,建立了面向江湖水沙关系及其演变的数学模型.针对长江中下游江湖水沙运动特点,在水沙数值模拟的范围内侧重对下荆江河道冲刷、荆江三口分流分沙模式、洞庭湖泥沙淤积、江湖耦合等环节进行了讨论,提出了合理可行的数值处理方法.模拟结果较好反映了江湖水沙演变规律,主要成果已应用于长江中下游防洪规划和防汛调度方案中.  相似文献   

大渡河流域河谷深厚覆盖层特征与发育分布规律研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

许强  陈伟  金辉  张倬元 《第四纪研究》2010,30(1):30-36

随着近年来对西部各流域水电梯级开发的全面实施,越来越多的钻孔资料揭露我国西南地区各流域普遍存在河谷深切和深厚覆盖的特殊现象。河谷深切和深厚覆盖层的存在,不仅大大增加了西南地区各流域水电开发的难度,同时也诞生出一系列新的科学问题。本文以梯级水电站较密集、河床勘探资料相对较丰富的大渡河流域为主要研究对象,通过系统分析整理该流域河床钻探资料,对该流域河谷深厚覆盖层的分布特征、物质组成与结构特征、形成时间等进行了较为系统地分析总结,并对其形成机理提出了新的认识。研究结果表明,除局部地段受构造隆升(大岗山、下尔呷)或构造断陷(冶勒)的影响外,大渡河流域95％的河段其河谷覆盖层厚度大于30m,河谷深切和深厚覆盖具有流域性、区域性特点。河谷覆盖层是由一套不同时期、不同成因类型的沉积物相互迭置的结果,由表及里宏观上可分为3层: 表层为现代河流相堆积;  中间主要为以冰水、崩积、坡积、堰塞堆积与冲积混合为主的加积层,厚度相对较大;  底部主要为古河床的冲积、冰水漂卵砾石层。覆盖层的形成时代一般在1～3万年前,基本与地质历史上末次冰期及冰消期时间相对应。为了更好地解释河谷深切和深厚覆盖具有区域性的特点,本文提出了全球气候变化和海平面升降引起河谷深切和深厚覆盖的观点: 冰期海平面的大幅度下降会引起区域性基准面大幅下降,河流比降加大,由此引起强烈下切,形成深切河谷;  冰后期海平面大幅回升,区域性基准面将大幅抬升,河流纵比降减小,水流的携砂能力减弱,冰期河谷深切所形成的固体物质开始大量沉积,并由此形成深厚覆盖层。  相似文献